2020-2ν•™κΈ°, λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ β€˜ν˜„λŒ€λŒ€μˆ˜1’ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ“£κ³  κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ λ°”λ₯Ό μ •λ¦¬ν•œ κΈ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 지적은 μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ ν™˜μ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ :)

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2020-2ν•™κΈ°, λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ β€˜ν˜„λŒ€λŒ€μˆ˜1’ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ“£κ³  κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ λ°”λ₯Ό μ •λ¦¬ν•œ κΈ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 지적은 μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ ν™˜μ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ :)


Theorem.

$R$: Ring + unity

\[\begin{aligned} \phi: \mathbb{Z} &\longrightarrow R \\ n &\longmapsto n \cdot 1 = 1 + \cdots + 1 \end{aligned}\]

then, $\phi$ is a ring homomoprhism.


Corollary.

$R$: Ring + unity

$\textrm{Char}(R) = n > 1$

1. $R$ contains sub-ring $H$ s.t. $H \cong \mathbb{Z}_n$

2. If $\textrm{Char}(R) = 0$, then $R$ contains sub-ring $H$ s.t. $H \cong \mathbb{Z}$.

proof.

Let $\phi$ be a ring homomorphism mentioned above.

Then, $\ker \phi = s \mathbb{Z}$ where $s := \textrm{Char}(R)$.

By FHT,

\[\begin{aligned} \mathbb{Z} / {\ker \phi} &\cong \phi(\mathbb{Z}) \\ \mathbb{Z} / {s \mathbb{Z}} &\cong \mathbb{Z}_s = \phi(\mathbb{Z}) \le R \end{aligned}\]

Especially, for (Case 2.), if $\textrm{Char}(R) = 0$, then $\ker \phi = \{ 0 \}$.

This means homomorphism $\phi$ is 1-1.

Thus $R \ge \phi(\mathbb{Z}) \cong \mathbb{Z}$. $\blacksquare$.


Theorem.

Let $F$ be a Field.

Then, $\textrm{Char}(F) = p$ (prime) or $\textrm{Char}(F) = 0$.

So,

1. $\textrm{Char}(F) = p$ $\implies$ $\mathbb{Z}_p \cong H \le F$.

2. $\textrm{Char}(F) = 0$ $\implies$ $\mathbb{Q} \cong H \le F$.

$\mathbb{Z}_p$와 $\mathbb{Q}$ λͺ¨λ‘ Fieldλ‹€!!

즉, Field의 $\textrm{Char}(F)$λ₯Ό 톡해 내뢀에 μ–΄λ–€ sub-field을 가지고 μžˆμŒμ„ λŒ€λž΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 말이닀!

proof.

$\mathbb{Z}_n$이 Fieldκ°€ λ˜λŠ” κ²½μš°λŠ” $n = p$ (prime) 뿐이닀.


Definition.

$\mathbb{Z}_p$ and $\mathbb{Q}$ are called a β€œPrime Field”.