๋ณธ ๊ธ€์€ 2020-1ํ•™๊ธฐ ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€ ์ด์ถฉํ˜• ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ โ€˜์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™โ€™ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๋„๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„œํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :)

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๋ณธ ๊ธ€์€ 2020-1ํ•™๊ธฐ ํฌํ•ญ๊ณต๋Œ€ ์ด์ถฉํ˜• ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ โ€˜์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™โ€™ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๋„๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์„œํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :)


Leibnizโ€™s Law: Identity of Indiscernibles

โ€œLeibnizโ€™s Lawโ€๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋ก (Ontology)์—์„œ โ€˜๋‘ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€โ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ •๋ง ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ์›๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.


Leibnizโ€™s Law๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.

"No two objects have exactly the same properties"

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ„์˜ ๋ช…์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋ช…์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์™€๋‹ฟ๋Š”๋‹ค.

"If all properties are same, then two thing are exactly same.
For example, itself is identical to itself!"

์ฆ‰, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‘ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค(identical)๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, $x = x$์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์„ โ€œIdentity of Indiscerniblesโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  indiscernible, ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.


Indiscernibility of Identicals

์•ž์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ โ€œIdentity of Indiscerniblesโ€์˜ ์—ญ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด โ€œIndiscernibility of Identicalsโ€์ด๋‹ค.

"If two thing are exactly, then all properties are same."

๋ณดํ†ต ์ด ๋‘ ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฑธ โ€œLeibnizโ€™s Lawโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ†ต์นญํ•œ๋‹ค.



๋ฌผ๋ก  โ€œLeibnizโ€™s Lawโ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ, Identity๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ๋ฉฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด, medium-sized object์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์›์ž ๋‹จ์œ„๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ๋™๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”ฐ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, โ€œLeibnizโ€™s Lawโ€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค. ํด๋ก (clone)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์›๋ณธ๊ณผ Identical, ๋™์ผ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ Leibnizโ€™s Law์˜ ์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํžŒ๋‹ค.


References

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