ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์† ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๐Ÿคฟ

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๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์กธ์—…์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒโ€ฆ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์กธ์—…์‹œํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ OTLโ€ฆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ด์™• ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณต์Šต ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค! ๐Ÿƒ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ „์ฒด ๋ณด๊ธฐ

๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ

โ€œKreyszig - Advanced Engineering Mathematics(10th ed.)โ€์— ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์Šฌ์ฉ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค.

Vibration from Buoyancy Force

Kreyszig - Advanced Engineering Mathematics(10th ed.)

์ž”์ž”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ ์œ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ y์ถ•์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋‹ด๊ตฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ž. ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๋งŒํผ ๋ถ€๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

\[F_B = - \rho g V = - \rho g A y\]

ํŽธ์˜์ƒ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋„“์ด $A$์™€ ๋†’์ด $h$์˜ ์›๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ž.

๋ถ€๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

\[F = m a = m y'' = - \rho g A y\]

์‹์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์œผ๋ฉด

\[y'' + \frac{\rho g A}{m} y = 0\]

์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ 2nd-order linear ODE๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค!! ์ด๊ฑธ ํ’€๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

\[y(t) = c_1 \cos wt + c_2 \sin wt\]

์ด๋•Œ, $w = \sqrt{\frac{gpA}{m}}$์ด๋‹ค.


Kreyszig ๊ต์žฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 60cm, ์ง„๋™ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 2์ดˆ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉดโ€ฆ

\[m = \frac{\rho g A}{w^2} = \frac{1 \cdot 9.8 \cdot 30^2 \cdot 3.14}{2^2} = 6923.7 \, \texttt{gram}\]

Vibration of water in an U-shaped tube

์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ด์Šค์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ง„์งœ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์™€๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค๋‹ค ใ…‹ใ…‹


์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด ์ง„๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์€ ๊ทธ ๋†’์ด ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘๋ ฅ $F_g$๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

\[F_g = - m g = - A h \cdot g\]

์ด๋•Œ, ์ค‘๋ ฅ์€ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋–„, ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ํ‰ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

Kreyszig - Advanced Engineering Mathematics(10th ed.)

์œ„์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด ์ง„๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ‰ํ˜• ์œ„์น˜ $y = 0$๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์—์„œ $y$ ๋งŒํผ ์œ„๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด, ์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด $y$ ๋งŒํผ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋” ์Œ“์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์˜ ์–‘์€ $2y$๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๋ฉด

\[F_g = - A h \cdot g = - A \cdot 2y \cdot g\]

์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์•„๋ž˜ ์‹์˜ $m$์€ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๊ด€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋‹ค.

\[F = m y'' = - 2 A y g\]

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ 2nd-order linear ODE๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด

\[y'' + \frac{2Ag}{m} y = 0\]

๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

\[w = \sqrt{\frac{2Ag}{m}}\]


๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด 1L, U๊ด€์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 2cm๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

\[w = \sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot 1^2 \cdot 3.14 \cdot 9.8}{1000}} = 0.07 \, \texttt{sec}\]

๋งบ์Œ๋ง

์š”๋Ÿฐ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ โ€œFluid Mechanicsโ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฐ”์œผ๋ฉด ์š”๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€โ€ฆ!? ใ…‹ใ…‹