2020-1ํ•™๊ธฐ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ โ€˜์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜โ€™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :)

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2020-1ํ•™๊ธฐ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ โ€˜์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜โ€™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :)


โ€œP and NPโ€ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ์—์„œ $\textbf{NP-hard}$, $\textbf{NP-complete}$ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์•„์ง ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†๊ธฐ์—, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” $\textbf{NP-hard}$ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํ’€์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ์ € โ€˜์•„~~ ๊ทธ ๋…€์„๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด! ๊ทธ ๋…€์„์€ $\textbf{NP-hard}$ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋“ !โ€™ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„‹ ๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? Nope, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค!

  • Optimality of the solution
  • Polynomial running time of the algorithm
  • Arbitrary instances of the problem


์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” $\textbf{NP-hard}$ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ๋‹ค.

  1. Exhausitive Search (Exponential Search)
    1. Backtracking
    2. Branch-and-Bound
  2. Approximation Algorithm
  3. Heuristic Algorithm
    1. Local Search
      1. Simulated Annealing

์ฑ…์—์„œ๋Š” 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ •๊ทœ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ Exhausitive Search์™€ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ Heuristic Algorithm๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ค˜๋‹ค ๐Ÿ™

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