Weibull Distribution (Optional)
βνλ₯ κ³Ό ν΅κ³(MATH230)β μμ μμ λ°°μ΄ κ²κ³Ό 곡λΆν κ²μ μ 리ν ν¬μ€νΈμ λλ€. μ 체 ν¬μ€νΈλ Probability and Statisticsμμ νμΈνμ€ μ μμ΅λλ€ π²
μ리μ¦: Continuous Probability Distributions
Weibull Distribution
Definition.
Let $\alpha > 0$ and $\beta > 0$. We say that a RV $X$ has a <Weibull distribution>, denoted as $X \sim \text{Weibull}(\alpha, \beta)$, if its pdf $f(x)$ is given by
\[f(x; \alpha, \beta) = \alpha \beta \cdot x^{\beta - 1} \cdot e^{-\alpha x^{\beta}} \quad \text{for } x > 0\]<Weibull Distribution>μ μ΄λ° λΆν¬κ° μλ€ μ λλ§ μκ°νκ³ λμ΄κ°λ€.
Remark.
1. Relationship with Exponential Distribution
if $\beta = 1$, then $\text{Weibull}(\alpha, 1) = \text{Exp}(\alpha)$.
2. cdf of $X$ is
\[F(x) = \int^x_0 f(y) \, dy = \begin{cases} 1 - e^{-\alpha x^{\beta}} & \text{for } x > 0 \\ \quad 0 & \text{else} \end{cases}\]μμ μμ λ―ΈλΆν΄λ³΄λ©΄, Weibullμ pdfκ° λμ¨λ€λ κ±Έ μ½κ² νμΈν μ μλ€.
Failure rate & Reliability
Let $T$ be a RV representing the lifetime (or time to failure) of a certain component.
Let $f(t)$ and $F(t)$ be its pdf and cdf respectively.
Definition.
1. reliability function, or survival function
\[R(t) := P(T > t) = 1 - F(t)\]μ¦, CDFμ tail probabilityλ€. μλνλ©΄, $P(T > t)$λ componentκ° $[0, t]$ λμ surviveν νλ₯ μ μλ―ΈνκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€!
2. failure rate, or hazard rate
\[Z(t) := \frac{f(t)}{R(t)}\]Q. Why?
μ΄λ, μμ μμ $R(t)$λ₯Ό λλ 보μ!
\[\begin{aligned} \frac{f(t)}{R(t)} &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{h} \cdot \frac{1}{R(t)} \\ &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{h \cdot R(t)} \\ &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{1}{h} \cdot \frac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{P(T > t)} \end{aligned}\]μμ μμμ λ³Ό μ μλ―, condition probability $\dfrac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{P(t > t)} = P(t < T \le t+h \mid T > t )$μ΄ λλ€. κ·Έλμ μμ μ 리νλ©΄,
\[\frac{f(t)}{R(t)} = \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(t < T \le t+h \mid T > t)}{h}\]μμ μμ failure rate $f(t)/R(t)$κ° βthe rate of the probability of the failure right after time $t$βμμ μλ―Ένλ€! $\blacksquare$
λ§μ½ $T$κ° Weibull distributionμ λ°λ₯Έλ€λ©΄, failure rate $Z(t)$λ
\[Z(t) = \frac{f(t)}{R(t)} = \frac{\alpha \beta \cdot t^{\beta-1} e^{-\alpha t^{\beta}}}{e^{-\alpha e^{\beta}}} = \alpha \beta \cdot t^{\beta - 1}\]μ΄λ $\beta$μ κ°μ λ°λΌμ failure rateμ μμμ μ΄ν΄λ³Ό μλ μλλ°,
1. if $\beta = 1$, then the failure rate is $\alpha$ (constant).
μ¦, μκ°μ κ΄κ³μμ΄ failure rateλ νμ κ°λ€.
2. if $\beta > 1$, then failure rate is increasing as $t$ flows.
μ¦, μκ°μ΄ μ§λ μλ‘ μ₯λΉκ° μ½ν΄μ§λ€λ κ²μ μλ―Ένλ€.
3. if $\beta < 1$, then failure rate if decreasing.
μ¦, μκ°μ΄ μ§λ μλ‘ μ₯λΉκ° μ€νλ € λ μ’μμ§λ κ²μ μλ―Ένλ€.
μ΄μ΄μ§λ ν¬μ€νΈμμλ Random Variableμ κ°λ¨ν λ³ν(Transform)μ μ μ©νμ λμ pdfλ₯Ό μ΄λ»κ² ꡬνλμ§ μ΄ν΄λ³Έλ€. λ·λΆλΆμλ momentμ ꡬνλ ν¨μμΈ <MGF; Momentim Generating Function>λ λ±μ₯νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μ€μν μ±ν°λΌκ³ ν μ μλ€!