β€œν™•λ₯ κ³Ό 톡계(MATH230)” μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ 배운 것과 κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ 것을 μ •λ¦¬ν•œ ν¬μŠ€νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 전체 ν¬μŠ€νŠΈλŠ” Probability and Statisticsμ—μ„œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 🎲

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β€œν™•λ₯ κ³Ό 톡계(MATH230)” μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ 배운 것과 κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ 것을 μ •λ¦¬ν•œ ν¬μŠ€νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 전체 ν¬μŠ€νŠΈλŠ” Probability and Statisticsμ—μ„œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 🎲

Weibull Distribution

Definition.

Let $\alpha > 0$ and $\beta > 0$. We say that a RV $X$ has a <Weibull distribution>, denoted as $X \sim \text{Weibull}(\alpha, \beta)$, if its pdf $f(x)$ is given by

\[f(x; \alpha, \beta) = \alpha \beta \cdot x^{\beta - 1} \cdot e^{-\alpha x^{\beta}} \quad \text{for } x > 0\]

<Weibull Distribution>은 이런 뢄포가 μžˆλ‹€ μ •λ„λ§Œ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ³  λ„˜μ–΄κ°„λ‹€.

Remark.

1. Relationship with Exponential Distribution

if $\beta = 1$, then $\text{Weibull}(\alpha, 1) = \text{Exp}(\alpha)$.


2. cdf of $X$ is

\[F(x) = \int^x_0 f(y) \, dy = \begin{cases} 1 - e^{-\alpha x^{\beta}} & \text{for } x > 0 \\ \quad 0 & \text{else} \end{cases}\]

μœ„μ˜ 식을 미뢄해보면, Weibull의 pdfκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ‰½κ²Œ 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€.


Failure rate & Reliability

Let $T$ be a RV representing the lifetime (or time to failure) of a certain component.

Let $f(t)$ and $F(t)$ be its pdf and cdf respectively.

Definition.

1. reliability function, or survival function

\[R(t) := P(T > t) = 1 - F(t)\]

즉, CDF의 tail probabilityλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, $P(T > t)$λŠ” componentκ°€ $[0, t]$ λ™μ•ˆ surviveν•  ν™•λ₯ μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€!

2. failure rate, or hazard rate

\[Z(t) := \frac{f(t)}{R(t)}\]

Q. Why?

\[\begin{aligned} f(t) &= \frac{d}{dt} F(t) \\ &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{F(t+h) - F(t)}{h} \\ &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(T < t+h) - P(T < t)}{h} \\ &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{h} \end{aligned}\]

μ΄λ•Œ, μœ„μ˜ 식에 $R(t)$λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ λ³΄μž!

\[\begin{aligned} \frac{f(t)}{R(t)} &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{h} \cdot \frac{1}{R(t)} \\ &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{h \cdot R(t)} \\ &= \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{1}{h} \cdot \frac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{P(T > t)} \end{aligned}\]

μœ„μ˜ μ‹μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ“―, condition probability $\dfrac{P(t < T \le t+h)}{P(t > t)} = P(t < T \le t+h \mid T > t )$이 λœλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 식을 μ •λ¦¬ν•˜λ©΄,

\[\frac{f(t)}{R(t)} = \lim_{h \rightarrow 0} \frac{P(t < T \le t+h \mid T > t)}{h}\]

μœ„μ˜ 식은 failure rate $f(t)/R(t)$κ°€ β€œthe rate of the probability of the failure right after time $t$β€μž„μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€! $\blacksquare$

λ§Œμ•½ $T$κ°€ Weibull distribution을 λ”°λ₯Έλ‹€λ©΄, failure rate $Z(t)$λŠ”

\[Z(t) = \frac{f(t)}{R(t)} = \frac{\alpha \beta \cdot t^{\beta-1} e^{-\alpha t^{\beta}}}{e^{-\alpha e^{\beta}}} = \alpha \beta \cdot t^{\beta - 1}\]

μ΄λ•Œ $\beta$의 값에 λ”°λΌμ„œ failure rate의 양상을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ”λ°,

1. if $\beta = 1$, then the failure rate is $\alpha$ (constant).

즉, μ‹œκ°„μ— 관계없이 failure rateλŠ” 항상 κ°™λ‹€.


2. if $\beta > 1$, then failure rate is increasing as $t$ flows.

즉, μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ μž₯λΉ„κ°€ μ•½ν•΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€.


3. if $\beta < 1$, then failure rate if decreasing.

즉, μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ μž₯λΉ„κ°€ 였히렀 더 μ’‹μ•„μ§€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€.


μ΄μ–΄μ§€λŠ” ν¬μŠ€νŠΈμ—μ„œλŠ” Random Variable에 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ³€ν™˜(Transform)을 μ μš©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜ pdfλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έλ‹€. λ’·λΆ€λΆ„μ—λŠ” moment을 κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μˆ˜μΈ <MGF; Momentim Generating Function>도 λ“±μž₯ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ 챕터라고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€!

πŸ‘‰ Transformations of Random Variable - 1